PER UN MONDO SENZA GUERRE: EN — LARRY ROMANOFF: Chip Wars and Rare-Earths

By Larry Romanoff

A man works at the site of a rare earth metals mine at Nancheng county, Jiangxi province, China, October 20, 2010. Source

Introducere

This is a topic that could easily consume hundreds of pages of content, but in this essay I will focus on only two aspects which appear to have been buried in the West by both the US government and the media. Both of these are huge, yet the details have received no attention and are largely unknown.

It has been well-publicised that the US government, through various administrations, has imposed a continuously-increasing level of embargo on high-end computer chips available to Chinese firms. This restriction has been most prominently the GPUs necessary for AI development, but includes almost any semiconductors of use. The justification has been attributed to claims that selling these chips to Chinese firms would somehow constitute a “threat to US national security”. Of course, there is no such threat involved, and US politicians have made plain that the actual motivation is to “stop China’s rise”. This much is well-known and doesn’t need re-hashing, but buried deeply in the script are two items of immense import that have been silenced by the US government and essentially censored by the media.

At the time of writing (late 2025) there have been many videos circulating on Douyin and YouTube of Jensen Huang, the CEO of Nvidia, lamenting the fact that Nvidia’s share of the China market has gone from “95% to 0%”. [1] [2] To emphasise the effect, Huang states that from Q4 2025 onward, the company’s revenue projections will contain a zero from China. That is an instant loss of 20% or 25% of Nvidia’s total revenue, so not a minor item. One purpose of this essay is to illuminate the cause.

As mentioned, the US government placed a total ban on high-end and even middle-level chips being sold to any entity in China. The US strategy appeared focused on maintaining a technological lead through export controls, creating a kind of digital iron curtain around the US which China would be unable to penetrate.

The story lies in the method of enforcement of this ban, which deserves to be stated in clear detail. It was one thing for the US to prohibit chip sales directly to a Chinese firm, but there was always lurking in the background the possibility of what were termed “diverted purchases”. This meant companies in other countries purchasing chips from the US and re-exporting them to China.

In an attempt to eliminate this possibility, the US government demanded that Nvidia insert two extra modules in all its higher-end chips. One was a geo-location and communications module. When the chip was powered up, it would immediately connect with US government computers in Singapore and disclose its ID, its actual geographic location, and would further transmit all the data to which it had access. Thus, we would have mean-spirited “sanctions” coupled with espionage. [3] The second module was a remote “kill switch”, a control interface that could be used to remotely disable an entire computing cluster – not only this particular chip but the entire rack in which it was mounted. Chinese engineers, with good reason to be cynical of the US, reverse-engineered Nvidia’s chips and discovered it. [4]

This design was not accidental, as US senators introduced a bill in 2025 requiring that chips exported to China contain pre-installed tracking systems. One result was the intense R&D efforts by Huawei and many other Chinese firms to build their own semiconductor supply chain that would be totally independent of American products.

American Espionage

I won’t dwell on it here, but the US IT and semiconductor firms have always cooperated with the US government on espionage. It is a time-honored tradition. Even 40 years ago or more, Xerox was boldly boasting that all the copiers and fax machines it installed in foreign embassies were all “espionage-ready”. That situation has only become worse over the years.

A few years ago, the Chinese government banned Windows 8 from all important computers in the nation. The only exception was in personal desktops or small businesses that couldn’t suffer from American espionage. The reason was that Windows 8 contained in its source code a prominently-identified “NSA Back Door”. This came to public attention in a dramatic fashion: at a Microsoft event, one attendee raised the issue with the Microsoft executive giving a speech. The executive was unable to deny the existence of the said back door, because the man raising the question was the man who discovered it. The Microsoft exec didn’t deny the existence of the “espionage-ready” version of Windows, but refused to discuss it and walked off the stage.

It has been well-known for two decades or more that Cisco routers have had essentially the same kind of back doors, all available to the CIA and NSA. It has also been undisputed that firms like Apple, Google, the Amazon and Microsoft “data clouds” and many others, have always made their data available to the US intelligence agencies. And this availability has been by direct access, where the spooks needn’t even ask permission or inform the companies about their access.

Back to China

When Chinese engineers discovered the espionage modules in Nvidia’s chips, purchases dropped and the intense effort began to become independent. Since the cat was out of the bag, so to speak, the US government placed a China export ban on the high-end chips from Nvidia and other companies. In what was almost surely a choreographed display of kindness and righteousness, Nvidia and the US government agreed that Nvidia could design and produce a chip of lower grade and ability – the famous H-20, for approved sale to China. I would remind readers that this was a “one-purpose” chip, designed especially for China, and intended for sale only to China. But then the same Chinese engineers reverse-engineered the H-20 chips and it seems that Nvidia “forgot” to remove the geo-location and communication module as well as the kill-switch module. This clearly could not have been accidental. It isn’t as if Nvidia “forgot” anything. These modules had to have been deliberately inserted. [5]

At the issue of this new semiconductor, the Chinese were initially impressed, and Nvidia produced thousands of them in anticipation of huge sales. But Chinese engineers quickly discovered the subterfuge. The Chinese authorities called Nvidia in to explain the chip content, apparently not receiving the answers they wanted, the government immediately banning the H-20 chip from China. This was followed by a flurry of activity, much of it posted on Douyin videos, of installations all over China, both government and private, feverishly tearing out all the Nvidia H-20 chips from their racks and installing Huawei chips instead. Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s CEO naturally denied the existence of these modules – but only to the US media who had no basis on which to question him.

With the “China chip” now banned in China, and produced to a specification no one else wanted, Nvidia claimed they would have to scrap $5.5 billion in unsaleable H-20 chips. Facing a crisis of trust, and in a last-ditch effort to salvage their reputation and market, Nvidia not-so-cleverly announced they would design a new “China chip”, the B30A, built on their advanced Blackwell architecture that was to be 20% more powerful than the H-20. However, this was nothing more than an admission of guilt since, if the H-20 really were safe, Nvidia could have proven that. The fact that they would absorb billions of dollars in losses and produce yet another chip “especially for China”, was all the impetus the Chinese needed to ban Nvidia completely.

And this was where we began, with Huang lamenting the fact that Nvidia’s share of the China market has gone from “95% to 0%”, and that from Q4 2025 onward, the company’s revenue projections will contain a zero from China. But no apologies from Jensen Huang, nor any admission from the US government, even though their legislation is contained in public documents. As I noted above, the design of these “China chips” was not an accident. The new US “Chip Security Act” required all exported AI chips to have location-verification tech and remote-disable functions to prevent diversion to China. [6] [7]

Worldwide ban on Huawei

Sanctions against Huawei. Source

But the US government wasn’t done yet. Upset at the Chinese detection of their espionage subterfuge, and miffed that chips produced by Huawei and other Chinese manufacturers were sufficiently advanced to replace most of Nvidia’s products, the Americans pursued the second phase of their “China program”.

“The new rules issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce point out that the use of Huawei’s Ascend chips anywhere in the world violates U.S. export controls. Some details of the new regulations disclosed that companies that use China’s advanced computing chips, such as Huawei’s Ascend 910B, 910C and 910D, may violate U.S. export control regulations and may be subject to penalties from the U.S. Department of Commerce. ” [8] The new legislation says “any organization or individual that implements or assists in the implementation of US restrictions on China’s advanced computing chips (including products from technology giant Huawei) will be suspected of violating the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws and regulations, and will bear corresponding legal responsibilities.”

The legislation guidance states: “This guidance warns the industry of the risks of using China’s advanced computing integrated circuits, including specific Huawei Ascend chips. It is likely that these chips violated U.S. export control regulations during development or production. The U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) warns that under General Prohibition 10 (GP10), the use of such Chinese advanced computing integrated circuits carries the risk of violating U.S. export controls, and companies may be subject to enforcement actions by the Bureau of Industry and Security.” The legislation further says, “Engaging in activities covered by [this ban], including the use of such “Chinese 3A090 ICs” without authorization from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, may result in severe criminal and administrative penalties.”

And more: the General Ban on Huawei chips states: “You shall not knowingly [engage in the] sale, transfer, export, re-export, finance, order, purchase, remove, hide, store, use, lend, dispose of, transport, transit or otherwise service any item that has been exported or is intended to be exported, in whole or in part, where circumstances relating to the item have occurred, are about to occur or are intended to do so.” It also states that for any individual, company, or government to purchase a semiconductor chip from Huawei (or any Chinese manufacturer) ” will require a license from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security”. In fact, the US legislation goes so far as to claim no one is permitted to purchase Huawei chips within China, nor even to engage in shipping them from one location to another – even within China. [9]

In case this isn’t 100% clear, the US government has passed legislation forbidding any individual, company, or government anywhere in the world from purchasing Huawei or other Chinese semiconductor chips. Not only purchase, but they are prohibited from even using, storing, lending or financing any such semiconductors, and even from sending them from one place to another in China. And this applies to all foreign firms and individuals – even if located in China. Anyone who contravenes this US legislation will be subject to “severe criminal and administrative penalties”, including massive fines and long prison sentences. If this isn’t global Imperial over-reach, I don’t know what would be.

This policy has two major strategic objectives. The first is to contain China’s entire AI ecosystem. By limiting the global use of Huawei’s chips, the US aims to stifle the growth of a competitive AI chip that could challenge the dominance of American companies like Nvidia. The second is a kind of pre-emptive blockade, to prevent the creation of any future export path for Chinese AI chips, since China will almost certainly want to expand its market share globally.

The Chinese government has condemned this legislation as a “typical unilateral bullying act” and an overreach that “seriously damages market rules and the international economic and trade order”. See “The United States has banned Huawei chips worldwide” [10] From a practical standpoint, this policy places many global companies, especially multinationals with significant business in the US, in a difficult position. They may be forced to choose between adopting competitive Chinese AI technology and maintaining their ability to operate within the US-led economic system. The problem is especially onerous for foreign firms with operations in China, now being forbidden from using any Chinese semiconductors in any of their operations, and being forced to purchase Nvidia components at twice the price. China of course responded. [11] [12]

In addition to imperialism, envy, malice and mental illnesses, the US is basing these threats on an assumption that Huawei “may have, maybe somehow” copied or violated US IP in the design and manufacture of their chips. However, it is a certainty that US engineers have minutely examined Huawei’s chips and, if evidence existed that US IP had been used, we would have heard about it. However, no evidence has ever been produced that Huawei’s chips were designed or manufactured with American processes or IP. That is merely an empty accusation, the US equating accusation with evidence, effectively saying, “If we suspect Huawei did something, then Huawei is guilty. We don’t need proof.” And obviously, this is all a lie. The Americans have certainly reverse-engineered Huawei’s chips, and if they found any evidence they would have broadcast it. Their very silence is proof of a lie. This is just dirty politics, not trade. The US does this with accusations about China “stealing American IP”. But they have never once provided evidence of even one situation where a Chinese company has actually done that. These also are empty accusations and dirty politics.

The central point of contention in this US-China tech conflict is the different standards of what constitutes “evidence” and “proof” in a geopolitical context versus a legal one. US actions are based on a doctrine of “national security” and, in this framework, the potential for a threat is sufficient to warrant accusation. The US position is that the entire structure of China’s industrial policy creates an unfair environment. From this perspective, individual pieces of “evidence” are less important than the overall strategic picture. Moreover, as the US attempts to hamstring Huawei – as it has done for many years – and as Huawei and other Chinese firms increasingly and quickly develop their own semiconductor capabilities, the US then points to this rapid progress as further evidence that its initial concerns about China’s intentions were valid, justifying even stricter controls. This is a game that cannot be won, short of total capitulation to the US agenda.

The most succinct summary is that this is dirty politics, not trade, where US actions are a form of economic containment disguised as a legal or security issue. The underlying motivation is simply to maintain technological hegemony and to prevent a rival’s progress, and this explains China’s determined push for technological independence.

Nexperia

Nexperia, headquartered in Nijmegen in the Netherlands, produces billions of semiconductors each year for cars, smartphones, and industrial equipment. The company manufactures integrated circuit components partly for the automotive industry, but it also produces all the essential semiconductor components needed for every electronic device worldwide. The company has more than 12,500 staff, and operates factories around the world, with plants in Holland, the UK, China, and the Philippines. The factory in Dongguan alone is capable of producing more than 50 billion chips annually.

Nexperia was originally part of the Dutch electronics giant Philips, was spun off as a separate entity, and was purchased by the Chinese company Wingtech for about $3.6 billion in 2018. Since then, it has enjoyed huge R&D budgets and has grown much larger and much more important to the world of electronic devices. This is so true now that the company can produce around 100 billion semiconductors each year, for everything from autos to toasters. Almost any device containing electronics will today contain chips from Nexperia.

Wingtech Technology, which bought 100% of Nexperia’s operations, is a world leader in the semiconductor industry, with more than 9,000 R&D personnel and more than 30,000 factory employees distributed all over the world, with annual shipments of more than 100 million mobile phones, tablets, notebooks, IoT, and automotive electronic products, and more than 100 billion annual shipments of semiconductor chips and components. Its subsidiary, Wingtech Communications Co., Ltd., is the world’s largest mobile phone ODM Company.

As you might imagine, Wingtech was placed on the US “entity list” in December 2024, identifying it as a “national security concern” primarily because it was (1) Chinese, (2) engaged in semiconductors, and (3) was very successful. But this identification did little harm since Wingtech used no US components or IP, and the classification was irrelevant to the company operations. Nexperia noted at the time that this would not affect its operations, which were different from Wingtech. But then (in September of 2025) the US expanded the “entity list” rules to automatically include units which are 50% or more owned by companies on the entity list, and this now included Nexperia. And the story now becomes interesting.

Without warning, the Netherlands government seized control of Nexperia, fired its CEO and Chairman, froze all the company’s assets, and sequestered 100% of the company’s shares – minus one share. [13] [14] The government used an obscure and never-before used law from the 1950s that was meant to protect vital industries in times of war. The excuses the Dutch government gave for this astonishing act were many, varied, and changing. One claim was a need to ensure that vital components would be available for critical industries, [15] but this was nonsense since nothing was under threat. Another was to prevent the leakage of critical technology to China, [16] but this was also nonsense: A Chinese company had bought Nexperia seven years prior, so any “technology transfer” would already have been accomplished long before then. [17] [18] Another consisted of accusations about the CEO: “acute signals of serious governance shortcomings and actions” that required immediate government rectification. [19] But that was nonsense too, because Forbes China had listed this same man as “the best CEO in China”. [20] And in any case, this would be the first time in history that a government seized control of a corporation on the grounds of “bad management”.

The remainder of the story is convoluted at best, and certainly chaotic. Nexperia had operations in about 30 locations, including Europe and Asia. The “head office” in the Netherlands was the R&D center, but the chip fabrication was mostly carried on in Germany and China. No products were actually made in the Netherlands, and almost all products were shipped as components to China for final processing, assembly and packaging. And, nearly all finished products were thus actually shipped from China to the end purchasers.

To assist in confounding the issue, the Dutch government had “authority” over only the operation in Nijmegen, none over the remainder of Nexperia’s operations, and certainly none over the massive fabrication plants in China. Nexperia’s owner immediately proclaimed that the Chinese operations were separate from that in the Netherlands, and instructed the staff to “ignore communications” from Nijmegen. This left the Dutch government in charge of a corporate head office but with no control over its actual operations, all of which were outside the country.

Then, the Chinese government, incensed with what was in reality an illegal and totally unjustified “act of commercial war”, responded in an interesting way. They immediately instituted an export ban on most of Nexperia’s products. Since nearly all final production had to be sent to China for finishing, this meant that the operations in China had full control over worldwide distribution – which was now at a standstill. [21]

Naturally, automakers (and nearly everyone else) everywhere were in shock and panic from the imminent threat to their supply chains. Volkswagen and Ford especially said they would have to halt auto production if China’s export ban remained in place. The Chinese government didn’t budge, and the Dutch government was suddenly claiming the Chinese simply “didn’t understand” the situation, and over-reacted. The Chinese disagreed, and the billions of chips so vital to supply chains everywhere are now sitting in China, waiting for the Dutch government to come to its senses.

In all of this, the Dutch government posted statements and even videos claiming their action in the seizure of Nexperia was entirely a Dutch move, and not done under pressure from “external parties”. But this was an outright lie, since documents provided in court testimony proved that the US exercised extreme pressure on the Dutch government to (1) remove Nexperia’s CEO and to (2) seize control of the company. The demands were backed by threats of a total import ban of Nexperia’s products to the US, with veiled threats of an import ban also being imposed on ASML, which would devastate Holland’s exports. “The US tactics include bullying rules, diplomatic coercion, and ally-binding, exposing a zero-sum mentality aimed at maintaining technological hegemony.” I suggest you read this article: US Pressure on the Netherlands to Remove Nexperia’s Chinese CEO: A Carefully Calculated Political Game [22] One website termed the Nexperia saga “a 21st century spy thriller”. [23]

Public court documents show the US demanded the replacement of Nexperia’s Chinese CEO and an adjustment of its governance structure, actions that required direct control over the company. [24] [25] The Chinese government called this a “hijacking of Chinese technology”, which is essentially what it is. The real issue is that while Nexperia’s products are not in themselves very high-tech, being the basic components of electronic systems in everyday items, they were performing substantial critical R&D and making progress in areas the US did not want China to have. It was primarily for this reason the US expanded the definition of “entity” to include Nexperia: the evidence of this is that the day after the US amended the definition to include Nexperia, the Dutch government seized the company. The only logical conclusion is that this was planned in advance by the US and agreed to by the Dutch authorities. One item deserving special attention is that the US had been “discussing” Nexperia’s R&D progress with its CEO, and was in fact attempting to force a divestiture of Nexperia by the Chinese company.

If you recall the US forcing the divestiture of Tik-Tok to American companies, this situation is similar: China was producing something that was too successful in an area where the US wanted total hegemony, giving the owner a choice of murder or suicide. My reading of the situation is that Nexperia’s CEO (and owner) rebuffed the American approaches for a divestiture, and so the Americans fabricated this extravagant scenario, forcing the Dutch government to seize the company (and the shares) in hopes of then forcing a divestiture and removing a valuable asset from the hands of the Chinese.

However, it seems the Americans failed to consider China’s possible reactions to this little criminal adventure, or they may have assumed China would quietly lie down and bleed, but take no action. China’s response of the export ban on Nexperia’s billions of vitally necessary little chips was apparently a big surprise to both the Dutch and the Americans. Now, both the US and Europe face critical shortages of vital components for thousands of everyday products, with no easy alternatives available. Production lines might soon become idle in a vast array of items. It seems that China is no longer so willing to tolerate American bullying as the Americans thought. It will be interesting to see how this adventure plays out.

Rare Earth Metals

Source

This is actually a separate topic, but it may be related in terms of what I might call “the stimulus-response” equation. The stimulus of course being US worldwide bullying and provocations on multiple fronts, and the response being China’s considered retaliations.

Most readers will be aware of the situation with the rare-earth metals and products derived from them. These have become critical elements in the production of the little motors, for example, in automobiles that control seats, windows, and multiple other features. These elements are also critical in the production of nearly everything today that contains electronic components. China has about 70% of the world’s content of the most important of these ores, and controls more than 90% of the patents on mining, extraction, concentration, refining, smelting, and final production of magnets and other items. While the rare-earth ores exist widely, only a few countries in the world have any capacity for mining them, and no one has the technology to process them. Anyone attempting to enter this field would have to navigate the dense forest of Chinese patents and royalties.

However, the most important aspect, at least in a geo-political sense, is that these rare-earth metals are absolutely crucial to the “defense” industry. These elements are in every military plane, every missile, in the radars, in almost every aspect of military weaponry. The Western media tend to gloss over this point, leading us to believe rare-earths are important only to autos and TV sets. Nothing could be farther from the truth. As one example, the US military fighter jet, the J-35, contains more than 900 pounds of rare-earth metals, 50 pounds of samarium alone. A single Arleigh Burke-class DDG-51 guided missile destroyer requires approximately 5,200 pounds of rare earth materials, while a Virginia-class nuclear attack submarine uses around 9,200 pounds. [26] [27] [28] The F-35 is only one platform in a fleet of submarines, missiles, and drones equally dependent on secure supply. Beijing’s quota system, traceability rules, and six-month export licenses underscore the fragility of Western defense procurement.

The US has so far relied entirely on China for its supply of these metals, and China has been supplying them in limited quantities, but this landscape has changed. Perhaps primarily in response to American bullying and its military and other provocations, China has drawn a line in the sand. The Chinese government has placed a ban on the export of these rare earth metals and products that could have any military application. China will still supply these in limited quantities if the purchaser can document and guarantee the products will be used only for peaceful purposes – autos and TV sets. But they have placed a 100% ban on all these metals and products that might have a military use. China now also requires that any rare-earth product, including mining, refining or smelting, containing any Chinese IP, will require permission for re-export.

This is not difficult to understand, and I fail to grasp why China didn’t institute this ban much sooner. The Americans of course, and both frustrated and incensed, but the reasoning is clear: It is patently obvious to all observers that the hawks in Washington want a war with China. But they need the tools to wage a war. As an appropriate analogy, the Americans are demanding that China supply them with the bullets that they will then use to shoot and kill the Chinese. You can understand why China doesn’t want to do that.

To tie this all together, let’s refer to the situation at the beginning of this essay, where the US issued a prohibition to all individuals, companies, and governments of the world, against purchasing, using, or even touching, Huawei’s semiconductor chips. And recall that the Americans threatened every manner of legal, financial, and even military repercussions to anyone disobedient to the master, including sanctions, seizures, massive fines and imprisonment. And let’s also recall that with the export ban on Nvidia’s chips to China, the entire world was threatened with eternal damnation if they participated in diverting these products to China.

It seems that the Chinese have (1) taken a page from the Americans’ playbook, and (2) are willing to retaliate against US bullying, provocations, and illegal actions. In line with this, the Chinese government has not only placed a total ban on the export of dual-use rare-earth metals and products to the US, but has done with them essentially what the US did with computer chips regarding China. The Chinese government issued a notice to all countries and corporate customers, that the sale of rare-earth metals and products to them is considered final, and that these cannot be re-exported to the US. This is the computer chip scenario in reverse. [29] [30]

Since China controls the patents for virtually the entire field of these elements, they have directed that no purchaser can re-export these elements or products to any other country without the express permission of the Chinese government. This is clearly to prevent the diversion of military-use rare-earths to the US by a back door – the very same things the US did with computer chips and China.

The Americans, of course, were not only surprised, but were livid. “How dare you hit me just because I hit you?” Scott Bessent, Trump’s Treasury Secretary, said that “never in the history of the world has any nation exercised such over-reach as the Chinese”. Really, Scott? Well, what about your prohibition to the entire world about not even daring to touch Huawei computer chips? I could be wrong, but it seems to me that it was your US of A that began this over-reach, and even you will have to admit that China has much more rational cause to ban military sales to you than you have cause to ban semiconductor sales to China. In this case, I think you should first look in the mirror before your interview with Fox News.

And there we are. All these adventures are in motion, and we will have to wait to see how they play out. Keep your eyes on Nexperia, Huawei’s chip exports, and on the Americans’ cataleptic fit about rare-earths.

*Credit image: © Reuters. FILE PHOTO: A man works at the site of a rare earth metals mine at Nancheng county, Jiangxi province, China, October 20, 2010. To match Insight ELECTRIC-CAR/COMMODITIES REUTERS/Stringer/File Photo CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA/. Source

Mr. Romanoff’s writing has been translated into 34 languages and his articles posted on more than 150 foreign-language news and politics websites in more than 30 countries, as well as more than 100 English language platforms. Larry Romanoff is a retired management consultant and businessman. He has held senior executive positions in international consulting firms, and owned an international import-export business. He has been a visiting professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University, presenting case studies in international affairs to senior EMBA classes. Mr. Romanoff lives in Shanghai and is currently writing a series of ten books generally related to China and the West. He is one of the contributing authors to Cynthia McKinney’s new anthology ‘When China Sneezes’. (Chap. 2 — Dealing with Demons).

His full archive can be seen at

https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/ + https://www.moonofshanghai.com/

He can be contacted at:

2186604556@qq.com

NOTES – Chip Wars

[1] Nvidia CEO urges policy shift as China’s chip market falls to zero
https://www.techinasia.com/news/nvidia-ceo-urges-policy-shift-as-chinas-chip-market-falls-to-zero

[2] Huang Renxun: Nvidia’s share of AI chips in China plummeted from 95% to 0%
https://beta.readhub.cn/topic/8nWYY3VSmAw

[3] Nvidia “admitted” to the H20 back door
http://test.txrjy.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1400597

[4] Chinese engineers disassembled and found that the H20 firmware layer
https://longportapp.cn/zh-CN/topics/33157137

[5] Chinese companies received a notice and refused to cooperate with Nvidia!
https://m.163.com/dy/article/KBC7GML50556B2DH.html

[6] U.S. lawmakers proposed that chip companies such as Nvidia in]stall chip positioning
http://globaltechmap.com/document/view?id=4695

[7] Cotton’s CHIP Security Act
https://hot3c.com/read.asp?class=5&id=26840

[8] Why Huawei’s Ascend chips are banned globally: an interpretation of the latest AI restriction policy in the United States
https://news.mydrivers.com/1/1047/1047666.htm?ref=

[9] Why Huawei’s Ascend chips are banned globally: an interpretation of the latest AI restriction policy in the United States
https://news.mydrivers.com/1/1047/1047666.htm?ref=

[10] The United States has banned Huawei chips worldwide
https://sw.beijing.gov.cn/zt/mymcyd/smdtx/202507/t20250730_4162594.html

[11] Strong counterattack! China responded to the US attempt to ban China’s advanced chips globally

[12] MoC answered reporters’ questions on the US Department of Commerce’s chip export controls
https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/syxwfb/art/2025/art_ed8d997cd7174f3893d80a86cdb4c240.html

[13] Dutch government takes control of Chinese-owned chipmaker Nexperia in ‘highly exceptional’ move
https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/13/dutch-government-takes-control-of-chinese-owned-chipmaker-nexperia.html

[14] Dutch government takes control of Chinese-owned chipmaker Nexperia over governance shortcomings
https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/dutch-government-intervenes-chinese-owned-nexperia-governance-shortcomings-126462786

[15] Dutch government takes control of Chinese-owned chipmaker Nexperia
https://www.chinastrategy.org/2025/10/13/dutch-government-takes-control-of-chinese-owned-chipmaker-nexperia/

[16] Dutch Government Seizes Control of Chinese-Owned Nexperia Over Alleged Technology Leak Risks
https://www.trendforce.com/news/2025/10/14/news-dutch-government-seizes-control-of-chinese-owned-nexperia-over-alleged-technology-leak-risks/

[17] Dutch Gov’t takes rare move to oust CEO at chip firm Nexperia over China ties
https://nltimes.nl/2025/10/13/dutch-govt-takes-rare-move-oust-ceo-chip-firm-nexperia-china-ties

[18] Dutch restrict Nexperia to keep its chip secrets outside of China
https://semiwiki.com/forum/threads/dutch-restrict-nexperia-to-keep-its-chip-secrets-outside-of-china.23783/

[19] Dutch Gov’t takes rare move to oust CEO at chip firm Nexperia over China ties
https://nltimes.nl/2025/10/13/dutch-govt-takes-rare-move-oust-ceo-chip-firm-nexperia-china-ties

[20] Zhang Xuezheng, our alumni, has been named as the best CEO in China by Forbes
https://xxgcxy-en.gdut.edu.cn/info/1056/2695.htm

[21] Dutch Government Seizes Chinese-Owned Chip Maker Nexperia Amid U.S.-China Tech Rivalry, China Responds with Export Ban
https://eir.news/2025/10/news/dutch-government-seizes-chinese-owned-chip-maker-nexperia-amid-u-s-china-tech-rivalry-china-responds-with-export-ban/

[22] US Pressure on the Netherlands to Remove Nexperia’s Chinese CEO: A Carefully Calculated Political Game
https://latlonginfo.com/en-us/a/0fb6250540754c5da2be407552c32670.html

[23] Nexperia saga: a ’21st century spy thriller’
https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Nexperia_saga_a_21st_century_spy_thriller_999.html

[24] Hijacking of Chinese technology continues: China Daily editorial
https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202510/19/WS68f4da83a310f735438b5cb2.html

[25] Hijacking of Chinese technology is violation of free market principles
https://www.dawn.com/news/1950092

[26] Beijing Tightens Rare Earth Grip: F-35, Submarines and U.S. Warfighting Edge at Risk
https://defencesecurityasia.com/en/beijing-tightens-rare-earth-grip-f-35-submarines-and-u-s-warfighting-edge-at-risk/#google_vignette

[27] Each F-35 fighter jet requires 50 pounds of samarium, exposing vulnerabilities in the US military supply chain
https://en.ckhq.net/html/84b8339b7a4fa4110a6e797c1d43d547.html

[28] Rare Earths and the F-35: Untangling Fact, Speculation, and Spin
https://rareearthexchanges.com/news/rare-earths-and-the-f-35-untangling-fact-speculation-and-spin/

[29] China announces export control measures on technologies related to rare earths
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1345279.shtml

[30] What to know about China’s new regulations on rare earths
https://www.ap.org/news-highlights/spotlights/2025/what-to-know-about-chinas-new-regulations-on-rare-earths/

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